saUfIvaad ka [ithasa 1400 vaYa- p#acaIna hO. pOgambar maaohmmad ko pScaat
kI dao SataibdyaaoM ko maQya¸ k[- saUifyaaoM kao tpsvaI kha gayaa.
[ba#ahIma Adhama ³DI 777 eDI´¸ ek rajakumaar¸ ijasanao &anapqa pr calanao
ko ilayao Apnao rajya AaOr pirvaar ka %yaaga ikyaa. pUva-kala kI p#isaw
maihlaa saUfI saMt qaI raibayaa ³DI 752 eDI´¸ jaao Aa%maBaava sao pro ko
[-SvarIya Baava va ivacaaraoM ko saaqa rhI.1
yaUraopIya kala ko daOrana¸ [slaamaI iva&ana va saaih%ya ka ivakasa huAa
AaOr saUfI ivaVaqaI- vaO&ainak va gaiNatIya AnausaMQaanaaoM kI Aaor baZ,o
jabaik yaUraop inavaasaI [nhI p#yaasaaoM maoM AaQauinak fla panao kI
kaoiSaSa krto rho. sabasao ]cca kaoiT ka maanao jaanao vaala [-saa[-
AaEama 300 sao 400 pustkaoM ka saMga#h rKta qaa jabaik mauislama
ivaSvaivaValaya ga#anDa¸ 105¸000 pustkaoM sao samaRw qaa.
jyaU¸ [-saa[- va
mauislama ivaVaiqa-yaaoM ko maQya saMvaad Aama qaa¸ mau#yat: spona maoM
jahaÐ mauislamaaoM nao 711 sao 1492 tk Saasana ikyaa AaOr AaMdaolana ko
samaya BaI Qama- svatM~ta p#calana maoM qaI. saUfI iSaxaaeи spona ko Wara
hI samast paScaa%ya doSaaoM tk phuÐcaI va [sanao [-saa[- rhsyavaaidyaaoM
jaOsao saonT Torosaa¸ saonT kOqarIna¸ maosaor [Kat-¸ ircaD- raola va Anya
ko ilayao naIMva ka kama ikyaa jaao ik gyaarhvaI SatabdI maoM ]Baro.
[sa laMbaI AvaiQa ko daOrana¸ saUfIvaad ka p#Baava vaRiwgat haota gayaa.
AazvaI SatabdI maoM¸ saUfI gau$ baalKI ³DI 789 Aqavaa 810 eDI´ ek kuSala
gaiNat¸ BaaOitkI va praBaaOitkI ivaSaoYa& ko $p maoM p#isaw qao.2 prma
gau$ naaKsaahobaI ³DI 859 eDI´ tao calato ifrto cama%kar ko $p maoM
p#isaw qao. k[- p#isaw saUfI naaOvaI SatabdI ko daOrana ApnaI ]pisqatI
dja- krato rho ijanamaoM mau#ya hO – [-ijaPT sao QauAa’na¸ [rak sao
mauhaisabaI¸ piSa-yaa sao bayaaij,at bastamaI jaao ik kivata va
Asa%yaaBaasa ko ilayao p#isaw qao¸ saaqa hI bagadad sao kaKI- ijanaka
kqana qaa ik kao[- BaI p#oma krnaa saIK nahI sakta @yaaoMik vah piva~
BaoMT hO.
saidyaaoM tk¸ k[- saUfI AMQaivaSvaasa kI BaoMT caZ,to rho. mansaUr
hllaa[-³921 eDI maoM maaro gae´ vao AMQaivaSvaasa kI BaoMT caZ,o ApnaI hI
}i@t¸ "maO hI sa%ya hUÐ" ko karNa. ]sako ivaSvaasa kao laokr saava-jainak
ivacaar¸ [slaamaI iSaxaaAaoM ka saar qao ijanho Aaja tarIK tk BaI [slaamaI
k+rpMiqayaaoM Wara galat samaJaa jaata hO.
kuC saUfI dixaNa maoM #yaat qao. [bna $Sd ³DI 1198 eDI´ ijanho evaoraoesa
ko naama sao jaanaa ajata qaa¸ vao ek SarIr iva&anaI qao AaOr daSa-inakta
hotu p#isaw qao. Ala–ArbaI ³1165–1240 eDI´ ek ivaiSaYT saUfI rhsyavaadI¸
ijanako ivaYaya maoM kha jaata hO ik daÐto kI p#isaw kRit iDvaa[na
ka^maoDI [nhI ko kayaao-M pr AaQaairt qaI. Ala–ArbaI¸ jaao mau#yat: dao
maihlaa saUfI ivaWanaaoM sao p#Baaivat rha va ]nhaoMnao 250 sao BaI AiQak
pustkoM ilaKI. Ala–gaj,jaalaI ³1058–1111 eDI´ Wara sa%ta ko saaqa
sahyaaogaa%mak vyavahar huAa prMtu Anya saUfI jaOsao AnsaarI kao daoYaI
zhrayaa gayaa¸ ]nhaoMnao saMbaMQa taoD,o AaOr ta]ma# saUfI iSaxaaeÐ donaa
baMd kr idyaa. gaj,jaalaI kI iSaxaaAaoM maoM rhsyavaad ko saaqa inayamaaoM
kao BaI p#aQaanya qaa ijasako calato vao maQyakalaIna [slaama ko sabasao
p#BaavaSaalaI ivacaark bana gae ijanaka p#Baava [-saa[- ivacaarkaoM AaOr
]nako kayaao- pr BaI pD,a.3
baarhvaI SatabdI maoM¸ SaoK $jabahana ³1127 –1209 eDI´4 Wara 100 sao BaI
AiQak saRjana ikyao gae.1 SaoK najamauddIna kaobara ³1145–1220 eDI´ Wara
17 SaaMit kaya-kta-AaoM kao p#iSaxaNa idyaa gayaa. [namaoM sao kuC qao
AlaI laalaa gaj,anavaI¸ frIduddIna A%tar saOfuddIna baKarj,aI. maaOlaanaa
jalaalaoddIna balKI $maI¸ [nhI ko ek iSaYya ka AnauyaayaI qaa. 5 vah Aagao
calakr ]sako rhsyamaya va cama%karI AnauBavaaoM ko calato A%yaMt p#isaw
huAa.
AnnaamaorI iSamaola¸ ApnaI pustk "imaisTkla DayamaonSansa Aa^f [slaama"
maoM ilaKto hO¸ "[samaoM kao[- Sak nahI hO ik kaobara nao svayaM [na
AdBaut AnauBavaaoM kao ijayaa AaOr ApnaI dRiYT maoM ek navaIna AakaSa
gaMgaa $pI saaoca kao payaa. Vao Anya saUfI ivacaarkaoM ko mataoM sao BaI
rajaI haoto hO @yaaoMik vao saaocato hO ik manauYya ek saUxma ba#mhaMD, hO
ijasamaoM [sa AnaMt ba#mhaMD, kI samast ivaSaoYataeÐ maaOjaUd hO."6
1. Margaret SMITH, Rabi'a the Mystic and her Fellow - Saints in Islam, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 1984.
2. Annmarie SCHIMMEL, Mystical Dimensions of Islam, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1975.
3. Al-GHAZZALI, The Alchemy of Happiness, Octagon, London, 1980.
